![]() ![]() Interactions: Cholesterol medications, anti-ulcer medications and antibiotics. Iron from animal sources is better absorbed by the body than from vegetarian sources – but vegetarian sources are still good choices. Symptoms of mild deficiency include tiredness, shortness of breath, decreased mental performance, poor appetite, unstable body temperature and decreased immunity.įoods: Liver, beef, turkey, fish dried beans, peas and lentils spinach, raisins. Too little: Iron deficiency is the most common form of nutritional deficiency. Too much: Tolerable upper limit (UL) = 45 mg per day. Take with vitamin C to aid iron absorption. Iron supplements can cause constipation, nausea and stomach upset. How much: Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) = 8 milligrams (mg) daily for men 18 mg daily for women until menopause 8 mg for women after menopause. What it does: Iron helps prevent anemia by helping produce hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Research note: A 2018 review of seven studies found that folic acid reduced common methotrexate side effects such as nausea, vomiting and liver toxicity. High and low doses (more than 25 mg a week and less than 10 mg a week, respectively) were equally effective, even with higher doses of methotrexate. Doses range from 1,000 to 5,000 mcg daily sometimes a single weekly dose is taken the morning after a methotrexate injection. Studies also suggest folate and folic acid may reduce the risk of stroke. Interactions: Antiseizure medications ulcerative colitis medications antacids alcohol, antibiotics aspirin some cholesterol-lowering drugs oral contraceptives cholesterol-lowering medications. ![]() Folic acid is added to enrich many grains, cereals and pastas. Low levels in pregnant women increase the risk of neural tube defects in their babies.įoods: Folate occurs naturally in many foods, especially green leafy such as spinach and kale orange juice and most fruits dried beans and peas. It can also cause an increased risk for certain cancers, anemia, depression, heart disease and Alzheimer's disease. ![]() Too little: A folate deficiency can cause fatigue, mouth ulcers, swollen tongue, weight loss and poor growth. If you’re older than 50, have your B12 levels checked before taking folic acid supplements. Too much: More than 1,000 mcg of supplemental folic acid per day may mask a vitamin B-12 deficiency, leading to anemia, especially in older adults. How much: Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) = 400 micrograms (mcg) for adults 600 mcg for pregnant women. What it does: Folate and the supplement form, folic acid, are both forms of the vitamin B9. Folate is essential for healthy cell growth, the formation of DNA and RNA and the prevention of birth defects and some cancers. Methotrexate, a common RA drug, destroys folate, so it’s recommended that doctors prescribe supplements for all patients taking it. But a 2016 meta-analysis found that calcium and vitamin D supplements reduced fracture risk by 15% and hip fracture risk by 30%. Whether calcium plus vitamin D can prevent fractures has been more controversial, with competing studies on both sides. Research note: Dozens of studies have found that calcium supplements with or without vitamin D improve bone health in both men and women. Interactions: Aluminum-containing antacids, antibiotics, anti-convulsants, bone drugs, corticosteroids, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, laxatives and multivitamins containing iron, magnesium and zinc. Too Little: Contributes to bone loss, tooth loss, muscle cramps and hypertension.įoods: Low-fat milk, yogurt and cheese leafy greens and vegetables such as kale, broccoli and spinach canned sardines and salmon with bones calcium-fortified cereals, soy products (including tofu), orange juice and nut milks. Too much: Tolerable upper limit (UL) = 2,500 mg. Recent research has debunked the claim that calcium supplements raise heart attack risk. How much: Experts recommend 1,200 mg a day for healthy adults, but people with inflammatory arthritis may need more – up to 1,500 mg for men and postmenopausal women. What it does: Calcium is an essential mineral that maintains strong bones and teeth regulates muscle contractions transmits nerve impulses and helps release essential hormones and enzymes. It also helps prevent osteoporosis (loss of bone density) and fractures, which are higher risks among people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those taking corticosteroids. ![]()
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